Gather all the ingredients. In a small bowl, prepare the dressing by mixing soy sauce, rice vinegar, sugar, and sesame oil in a small bowl until well combined. Set aside.
Wash the cucumbers and peel them in the pattern like the picture. (Or however, you wanted) Remove the rough end of the cucumbers. Smash the garlic cloves with the skin on.
Smash the cucumbers so they split into both sides using something heavy like the smooth side of a Chinese cleaver or rolling pin. Pick out the garlic skin and discard.
Cut the cucumbers into 1-inch pieces and transfer the cucumbers and garlic to a bowl.
Pour the sauce on top of the cucumbers and mix well.
Sprinkle the toasted white sesame seeds and add chili oil on top of the cucumber mixture. (optional)
Stir and serve immediately.